Gulf Regional Legal Environment of Business 3 Essay

Gulf Regional Legal Environment of Business 3 - Essay Example Competition law is part of the legal environment of business in Gulf region that requires numerous amendments and enforcement. Competition laws facilitate the entry of foreign firms in the economy and ensure that the economy gains from increased product innovation and high quality products. Fair competition laws also facilitate bilateral and regional cooperation between several states thus strengthening both the economic and political relations. Oman has certain anti-competitive laws that hinder free trade in the economy. Examples of the anti-competitive laws include subsidies to the national companies, exempt of import custom duties for national companies dealing with agriculture and manufacturing and requirement that foreign entities cannot have 100 percent of shareholding of the investment. In addition, Oman grants tax exemptions to local shipping companies and uses discriminative tariffs that hinder fair competition within the Gulf region (Kawai & Wignaraja, 2011). 2. Free trade agreements One of the agreements that Oman has entered with other countries is the Gulf Cooperation Council free trade agreement that consists of other countries such as Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar (Ramady, 2012). The free trade agreement is committed to improvement of investments and trade in goods and services. The agreement aims at elimination of both tariff and non-tariff barriers and expediting the movements of goods and services between the two countries (European Commission, 2013). Accordingly, members of the G.C.C acknowledge that anti-competitive practices restrict trade among the countries and each member is required to implement competition laws that ensure free and fair trading practices (European Commission, 2013). The GCC agreement aims at attaining liberalization of trade and promoting competition among the member countries. The parties to the agreement appreciate that anticompetitive trade practices will restrict the trade among the countries and the parties must maintain competitive laws. The agreement also aims at fostering common scientific progress in fields such as economy and trade and setting up of joint ventures. a. Importance and advantages of the agreements The G.C.C free trade agreement is expected to provide new export opportunities for Oman exports within the bloc. The trade agreement also aims at protecting intellectual property through allowing Oman to establish increased protection for copyrights, patents and trademarks (Bilateral.org, 2012). Accordingly, Oman will conduct government procurement procedures in free and transparent manner without any discriminatory practices. The free trade agreement will spur economic growth in Oman and entrench democratic ideals that are essential for peace and stability in the Gulf region (BBC News, 2013). Ramazani & Kechichian (1988) asserts that he G.C.C free trade agreement will increase the competitiveness of Oman exports through improving the access of the global markets. The agreement also will strengthen the role of the private sector in the economic development of the country. The trade agreement will enable Oman to lower the production process and increase the efficiency in the utilisation of the available raw materials such as oil reserves. All the products manufactured within the member countries are allowed to move freely within the member

Introduction to Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Introduction to Business - Essay Example This paper reviews the importance of communication channels in business organizations. In addition, it looks into the ways through which communication channels can help business organizations to improve on their performance and gain competitive edge over their competitors. An effective communication channel will ensure that information reaches the intended persons. It should be noted that communication channels enables managers as well as other individuals within an organization to send information and receive feedback. Therefore, effective communication channels will ensure that a given message is sent to the target audience and the feedback is got. Effective and efficient communication channel within organizations is capable of maintaining excellent relationships between employees and the management of the organization. Through it, employees will be encouraged to share their ideas that may be implemented and this is capable of enhancing an organization’s performance. Through effective and efficient communication channels, employees are capable of submitting their comments, work accounts, grievances as well as recommendations. Moreover, when organizations have effective as well as speedy communication channels, delays will be prevented and results will be achieved. Good communication channels are beneficial to organizations because it will enhance motivation since employees will be informed and clarified concerning works to be conducted as well as the manner in which they are to be conducted very quickly. In addition, it will enable employees to enhance on their performance when it is below the expectations. The productivity of organizations will thus be improved. Similarly, good communication channels will ensure that the individual attitudes of employees are altered since they will be well informed very quickly. It should be noted that proper communication

Psychological Influence of Fashion Essay Example for Free

Psychological Influence of Fashion Essay When one thinks of the identity crisis that plagues people, one is able to discern the connection between fashion and its lure on people. Conformity comes in many forms and affects many aspects of adolescents’ lives. Do adolescents take up a certain way of dressing because everyone else is dressing up that way? Do they let their hair grow long one year and cut it short the next because of fashion? Conformity occurs when individuals adopt the attitudes or behavior of others because of real or imagined pressure from them. Indeed, the pressure to conform to peers becomes very strong during the adolescent years (Santrock, John 1998. p. 211). More than any other outward manifestation of a person’s personality, the clothes has a language all its own. It is a nonverbal system of communication that symbolizes the beliefs and thinking of an individual. In an encounter, before people even speak to one another, their clothing makes a statement that expresses their age, sex, class, occupation and personality (Flynn, Patricia). Clothing has a language all its own. It can range from conventional and traditional to the outrageous and eccentric styles. Dress can identify its wearer with a social group. For example, jeans never go out of style with teens. The difference just lies in the style, cost and labels that identify them as designer. Wearing jeans may symbolize that the individuals are members of the same group (Flynn, Patricia). For example during the 1950’s, teenage clothing styles grew amidst the economic prosperity after World War II. The consumer market targeted those who were pampered and had money to spend on clothes. At the start, the adult designers were the trendsetters in terms of fashion sense. But the teens began to assert their own individuality and sported only the styles they most prefer. To these youth, this was a form of their self-expression (Flynn, Patricia). Image builders give a great deal of thought to the types of images that would have the strongest appeal to the greatest number of people. Merchandisers reason that they could build into their products the same traits that people recognize in themselves. Studies of narcissism indicate that nothing appeals more to people than themselves; so why not help people buy a projection of themselves? That way, the images would pre-select their audiences, select out of a consuming public people with personalities having an affinity for the image. By building in traits known to be widely dispersed among the consuming public the image builders reason that they could spark love affairs by the millions. The sale of self-images expedited the movement of hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of clothing, accessories and other beauty products. Thus, the image builders prove again and again that American consumers are becoming self-image buyers. Conclusion Young people, having identified with many models, have incorporated many different characteristics. Now they must integrate, synthesize, and reorganize these, dropping some characteristics and strengthening others. A new, unique and coherent identity emerges, one in which, â€Å"the whole has a different quality than the sum of its parts† (Erikson, 1959, p. 90). Fashion and style exerts a different kind of psychological influence of people, especially adolescents since they are pampered by society. A cast consumer market is bombarded with the advantages of being â€Å"in† a group by adapting a distinctive sense of fashion. It is, therefore, important that people understand the psychological influences underlying this issue. People must be critical in recognizing that merchandisers of many different products connected with fashion probes people’s subsurface desires, needs and drives to find their points of vulnerability. (Santrock, John 1998. p. 211). Among the subsurface motivating factors found on the emotional profile of most of us are the drives to conformity, need for oral stimulation and yearning for security. People must be critical in understanding that once these points of vulnerability are isolated, the psychological hooks are fashioned and baited and placed deep in the merchandising sea for unwary prospective customers, particularly the youth. References Covey, Stephen R. Living the 7 Habits. (1999) Erikson, E. (1959). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York: W. W. Norton. Fashion. Nationmaster. Retrieved Feb. 21, 2007 at: http://www. nationmaster. com/encyclopedia/Fashion Flynn, P. (1985). Body Language –The Language of Contemporary Fashion. Accessed 12

The Different Places in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching G

The Different Places in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God It’s amazing that one state can have within it places that differ greatly in all aspects—people, surrounding, weather, and feeling. Zora Neale Hurston exemplifies this phenomenon in Their Eyes Were Watching God. There are a multitude of differences between Eatonville, FL and the Everglades; each place represents a certain theme or feeling to Janie (the main character) and their differences each contribute to the meaning of the novel as a whole. Eatonville is just hours away from the Everglades so it seems that these two places must have something in common, especially if they’re in the same book, but they don’t unless you count Janie living in both places as something similar. While Janie is married to Joe Starks in Eatonville, she loses her sense of self. Joe makes her wear her hair up and she’s treated as if she’s Joe’s servant, not wife. This is much different than the treatment she gets in the Everglades with Tea Cake. Tea Cake allows her to be his peer and be herself. Janie is tied down in Eatonvi...

Henry V Assignment Essay

Henry V is an impressive piece of literature, which can be read in its entirety to oneself. However, if the full dramatic effectiveness is to be appreciated, it must be seen in its true context as a performance on stage. At the time Henry V was written, theatre played an important part in people’s lives. It was a way of life, and people of all social levels went to see plays by their favourite playwright. Theatres in Elizabethan times took on a conventional style. They are described the Chorus in Henry V as a ‘wooden O’ as they were indeed wooden and ring shaped. At a performance in an Elizabethan theatre the place where you stood depended on your social level. Lower-class people or ‘groundlings’ as they would be called, stood on the ground, surrounding the stage. Here you would not only find people standing to watch the performance, but you would also find family pets and entertainers like Jugglers and Fire Eaters and the richer patrons of the theatre sat in the outer ring. In Henry V there are many scenes, which cannot be acted out on stage effectively. These are mainly the battle scenes, which would involve large armies of men in real life. Shakespeare managed to overcome this problem and keep his audience entertained. The chorus is the first person in the play to speak. He asks the audience â€Å"On your imaginary forces work.† He makes excuses that the stage they are acting on cannot be the same as the battlefields that these events actually took place on â€Å"Can this cock-pit hold the vasty fields of France?† The effectiveness of the play depended on the audience using their imagination to â€Å"into a thousand parts divide one man.† Henry is â€Å"The Mirror of all Christian Kings,† how does Shakespeare build up his character to suggest this and why? Throughout the play, Henry V, Shakespeare gradually builds up a character who is almost perfect in every way. Not only a Christian but a good king. One that future kings should try to mirror themselves on. In this essay, I am going to talk about, first of all how other people in the play help to build up this character and then how Henry’s own actions and words help us to create this image of a perfect king. I will then summarise on the character created and then I will make a conclusion as to whether Henry was actually a good king and whether being a good king makes him a good person. Two of the first people we meet in the play are the Bishops, Canterbury and Ely. They give us the first pieces of information that we need, and that Shakespeare uses, to build up Henry’s character. In Shakespeare’s time, the audience will no doubt have seen Henry IV where Henry is portrayed as drunken and rowdy. Therefore Shakespeare immediately lets the audience of Henry V know that he has changed and is no longer like this. â€Å"The king is full of grace and fair regard.† Canterbury, Act 1, Scene 1, Line 24. â€Å"And a true lover of the holy church.† Ely, Act 1, Scene 1, Line 26. The second of these lines show us that the king is now a Christian who visits church and likes it. Canterbury and Ely plan to use Henry’s Christian conviction to make him drop the tax on the church. So this is our first piece of evidence that Henry is a Christian king. There is a comic subplot that runs throughout the play to detract from the seriousness of the story. If this was not placed in the play, the whole story would seem slightly boring, but there is another reason why this is here. They all give us good pictures of the king and how he has changed. The characters involved in this subplot are, Pistol, Nim, Bardolph and Hostess. Their respect for the king is great, although they feel that their friend John Folstaff died from a broken heart because he lost the friendship of Henry as he became king. â€Å"The King has killed his heart.† Hostess, Act 2, Scene 1, Line 84. It is this loyalty and respect for the king that lets us know that he must be a good king and a good person. He has been a loyal friend but has slipped away as his royal duties have taken over. This does not mean that he is not a good person anymore, or a good king. Although you wouldn’t have thought so, Henry’s enemies, the French, also tell us a lot about him. They know that his power is great and that he is respected in his country. Because they are aware of this power, they feel cautious to feel too confident of victory at Agincourt. They talk amongst one another saying that they think the king is senseless. â€Å"What a wretched and peevish fellow is this King of England.† Orlà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ans, Act 3, Scene 7, Lines 127-128 We can take this into consideration but it didn’t affect my judgement as they are the enemy and so are bound to say things like that. So therefore we did not learn whether Henry is a good Christian king from the French but we did learn that he is powerful and not so weak as to be rejected as an easy victory. There is another instance where the two countries meet. The Dauphin meets with him earlier in the play and then reports back to King Charles. He tells the king HENRY IS â€Å"THE MIRROR OF ALL CHRISTIAN KINGS,† HOW DOES SHAKESPEARE BUILD UP HIS CHARACTER TO SUGGEST THIS AND WHY? that England is ruled by a â€Å"vain, giddy, shallow, humorous youth.† and that because of this, they have no fear of going to war. King Charles then tells his princes and knights to beware of Henry, because he doesn’t want France to live its past history again. â€Å"And he is bred out of that bloody strain that haunted us in our familiar paths. Witness our too-much memorable shame when Crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cy battle fatally struck,† King Charles, Act 2, Scene 4, Lines 51-54. The person who I felt told us the most about Henry’s character was Henry himself. One of the first serious actions we see him take is against the three traitors, Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry, Lord Scrope of Masham and Thomas Grey, Knight of Northumberland. Their plan was to kill Henry at Southampton before he departed for France. Henry caught wind of this but didn’t straight away order them to be executed for high treason. We see Henry tell the three traitors that a man had been arrested for shouting abuse at him whilst drunk, he then asks them what they think the punishment should be. â€Å"That’s mercy but too much security.† Scrope, Act 2, Scene 2, Line 44. Scrope tells Henry that he should be punished and used as an example. Henry replies, â€Å"O let us yet be merciful.† Act 2, Scene 2, Line 47. Cambridge thinks that Henry should spare his life but punish him never the less. â€Å"So may your highness, and yet punish too.† Cambridge, Act 2, Scene2, Line 48. Thomas Grey thinks that he should be executed. â€Å"Sir, you show great mercy if you give him life, after the taste of much correction.† Grey, Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 49-50. After all this, we still do not see Henry approach the traitors with what they are planning to do. Instead he hands them each a piece of paper, which reveals what he has learned. He then says, almost sarcastically, â€Å"Why, how now, gentlemen? What see you in those papers, that you lose so much complexion? – Look ye how they change: Their cheeks are paper. – Why, what read you there that have so cowarded and chased your blood out of appearance? King Henry, Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 68-73. This told me that Henry wanted to basically make the traitors convict themselves. Henry then makes a speech about how he cannot give mercy to three people who were so quick to decide upon execution for a man who had only spoken out of tone whilst drunk. This made me think that Henry is firm but fair. He did not convict them straight away and send them to be executed. Instead he let them convict themselves and decide their own punishment, which was death. Henry says that he does not seek revenge for himself but for his country. This tells me that he is a good king who thinks for his country and not just for himself. Many more of Henry actions during the play tell us that he is cool under pressure, thinks for his country. When the Dauphin brings the casket of tennis balls to England, Henry does not lash out and explode into a frenzy of anger, the same as when the baggage boys are killed at Agincourt. He combines his aggression with careful thinking and uses his anger in other places where it is needed. HENRY IS â€Å"THE MIRROR OF ALL CHRISTIAN KINGS,† HOW DOES SHAKESPEARE BUILD UP HIS CHARACTER TO SUGGEST THIS AND WHY? Henry’s words also tell us a lot about him. At the end of the play when he woos his bride to be Catherine, he is very romantic and tries to take her mind off the fact that he is a king and make her realise that he is just an ordinary person. This fact is very important to build up this character of Henry, we have to realise that he is just a normal person and I think that Henry’s words throughout the play often suggest this. At the beginning of the battle of Agincourt, Henry makes a speech, which is now probably one of Shakespeare’s most famous speeches, the St Crispins Day speech. It is used to motivate team spirit in all kinds of sports. Henry uses it to motivate his soldiers, ready for the battle of Agincourt. â€Å"We few, we happy few, we band of brothers.† King Henry, Act 4, Scene 3 Line 60. This line shows us that he has brought himself down from his royal post and is now a brother of all the soldiers who will be fighting with him. Not as their leader, but as a friend, a brother. His speech is enough to make any reader feel patriotic, as it did me and shows that he is a good king, who does not always think of himself as a king. So Shakespeare creates an almost perfect character in this play. Henry is, calm under pressure and doesn’t always regard himself as above all the rest. He can be aggressive when needed but always thinks before he is. He is also certain that he is just a human being, not a God like person who is greater than everyone else, and this shows when he is going in to battle with his soldiers. It is then when his true character comes out, a patriotic person with spirit for his friends. Although Shakespeare has made an almost perfect character, he couldn’t have made Henry so perfect that he wasn’t realistic. Therefore Shakespeare makes Henry have a few weaknesses, one of these weaknesses is when Bardolph, an old friend of Henry steals a pax from a church. Henry has to stand up to his power as a King and hangs Bardolph for his crime. Henry is the â€Å"The Mirror of all Christian kings†; I would find this a true statement. He is a King who should be looked up to and respected for his good qualities. He should also be respected even for his bad qualities, because everyone has a flaw but it doesn’t mean that they are a bad person. Whilst he is a good Christian King, he is also a good Christian person. He is kind, forgiving and calm under pressure and when needed.

Effects of Malnutrition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2238 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Nutrition Essay Did you like this example? 1. Outline the metabolic changes that occur during starvation/inadequate nutritional intake (not related to disease) that could result in weight loss. During starvation, carbohydrates are depleted after 24 hours, major substrates for gluconeogenesis are amino acids that come from skeletal muscle protein that breakdown, ketone body concentrations rise during prolonged starvation and result in significant excretion of ketones, and the metabolism allows consistent fuel supply to the brain and other tissues during prolonged starvation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effects of Malnutrition" essay for you Create order 2. Read the consensus statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: Characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition. Explain the differences between malnutrition associated with chronic disease and malnutrition associated with acute illness and inflammation. Malnutrition related to chronic disease is when inflammation is mild to moderate but constant (chronic). An example is rheumatoid arthritis. Malnutrition related to acute illness and inflammation is when the inflammation is acute and at a severe degree. An example is major trauma. 3. Find the current definitions of malnutrition in the United States using the current ICD 10 codes. List all of them and describe the criteria for one of the diagnoses. Malnutrition includes codes E40-E46 going into a category of type 1 or type 2. E40 Kwashiorkor E41 Nutritional marasmus E42 Marasmic kwashiorkor E43 Unspecified severe protein-calorie malnutrition E44 Protein-calorie malnutrition of moderate and mild degree E45 Retarded development following protein-calorie malnutrition E46 Unspecified protein-calorie malnutrition Type 1 excludes: intestinal malabsorption ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code K90 sequelae of protein-calorie malnutrition ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E64.0 Type 2 excludes: nutritional anemia ICD-10-CM Range D50-D53 Starvation ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code T73.0 4. Current ICD definitions of malnutrition use biochemical markers as a component of the diagnostic criteria. Consider the effect inflammation has on visceral proteins and how that may impact the clinician’s ability to diagnose malnutrition. Discuss the following clinical findings and relate to inflammation and ability to diagnose malnutrition. a) Why is there down-regulation of albumin synthesis? Relate to positive acute-phase protein for the immune system (antibodies, complement, cytokines, C-reactive protein), clotting (fibrinogen) and wound healing. Malnutrition or long term starvation can reduce a full positive acute phase protein reaction while reducing the negative part as well by the starvation process itself. This starts the depression of hepatic protein synthesis. Which this moves on to affecting pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain and the rest of the inflammation process. Albumin is characterized as a negative acute phase protein and is affected by inflammatory conditions and drugs which affects liver function. But there are so many disease processes that alter the level of albumin that it becomes an unreliable serum marker for malnutrition. b) Why is the production of cytokines such as IL-I, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) increased and what is the impact on metabolism and protein synthesis (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, retinol-binding protein) and muscle repair? Because pro inflammatory cytokines are released, the vascular system and inflammatory cells are activated. These responses are associated with an increase of production of cytokines. Cytokines IL-I, Il-6 and TNF modulate intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and protein, regulate hypothalamic and pituitary outflow and act in the brain to reduce intake of food. c) What is impact of edema and the ability to interpret some biochemical tests? Edema is when fluids build up incorrectly in your tissues which will cause abnormal swelling of your body parts. Protein is a common cause of malnutrition edema because if you have the right amount of albumin in your blood, your body can maintain a balance keeping water out. But without enough protein your cells retain water which then leads to edema. So it can be hard to interpret different tests because of the different things that can happen in your body that leads to that fluid retention which can cause more problems. d) What happens to resting energy expenditure? I believe that a person’s resting energy expenditure would decrease because if they are not eating enough because malnourished then their body naturally would not have enough to keep burning so it would slow down because it doesn’t have enough nutrients to stay functional like before if getting proper nourishment. e) If metabolic stress is prolonged, do you feel albumin/prealbumin measurements are an accurate diagnosis of malnutrition when inflammation is present? Why or why not? I believe it is not because of what has been said about albumin. I read that it is affected by inflammatory conditions and drugs that affects the liver. Also by many disease processes that tend to alter the level of albumin regularly that it becomes an unreliable serum marker for testing for malnutrition. 5. Mr. Campbell was ordered a mechanical soft diet when he was admitted to the hospital. Describe how his meals will be modified with this diet order. This type of diet is for people who have trouble chewing and swallowing. This will include foods being chopped, ground, and pureed with no need for a knife because they will easily break apart. This diet will allow Mr. Campbell to eat more and obtain the nutrients he needs to help heal his body. The mechanical soft diet includes dairy, vegetables, fruits, starches, meat or meat substitutes, fats, soups, desserts, and beverages. But with all these categories that he can eat they will have to be soft, pureed, whipped and cooked so that he can eat it more easily. 6. What is the Ensure Complete supplement that was ordered? Determine additional options for Mr. Campbell that would be appropriate for a high-calorie, high-protein beverage supplement. Ensure Complete is a balanced nutrition supplement to help gain or maintain a healthy weight. It is an all in one blend that offers 6 grams fat, 33 grams of carbohydrates and 9 grams of protein. It also included 26 essential vitamins and minerals including antioxidants. An additional option is carnation breakfast essentials. In 9fl ounces it has 1 gram of fat, 39 grams of carbohydrates and 13 grams of protein. 7. Assess Mr. Campbell’s height and weight. Calculate his BMI and % usual body weight. Mr. Campbell is 6’3† and 156 pounds. 156lbs/2.2kg=70.9 kg 75inches x .0254m=1.9m 70.9/1.9^2 =19.6 which indicates normal weight with that BMI Percent usual body weight 156lbs/220lbs x 100= 70.9% 8. After reading the physician’s history and physical, identify any signs or symptoms that support the diagnosis of malnutrition using the proposed definitions of malnutrition by AND/ASPEN malnutrition guidelines. What characterizes adult malnutrition is inadequate energy intake, weight loss, loss of muscle mass, loss of subcutaneous fat, fluid accumulation and evidence of inadequate intake. Looking at Mr. Campbell’s history it says that he has lost weight, is dehydrated, and feels weak. In his physical he says he feels like he cannot do anything and weak all over. He appears to look cachectic which makes him look older than his actual age. His neurological strength is reduced, he has declined muscle tone and his blood work is low which is relates to malnutrition. 9. Evaluate Mr. Campbell’s initial nursing assessment. What important factors noted in his nutrition assessment may support the diagnosis of malnutrition? Mr. Campbell lost over 60 pounds 1-2 years ago. He is at 70.9% of his usual body weight. He is at less than 5% for intake percent of meals with sips of liquids. His recommended fluid requirement is 2000-2500 mL, but he is consuming 360 mL without an IV. Mr. Campbell’s intake has been unsatisfactory to meet the required nutritional needs. 10. What is a Braden score? Assess Mr. Campbell’s score. How does this relate to his nutritional status? The Braden score is a tool used to help predict a patients level of risk for developing a pressure ulcer. It assess a patient by measuring six different criteria’s: Sensory perception: this measures a patient’s capability to distinguish discomfort that is related to pressure on different parts of the body. This shows a patients ability to be able to react to pressure related discomfort. Moisture: constant skin moisture can pose risk to the integrity of a person’s skin by causing damage and being at risk for epidermal erosion. Activity: this looks at level of physical activity because little activity causes breakdown of muscles and tissue. Mobility: this assess the physical competency to move and the willingness to move. Nutrition: this looks at pattern of daily nutrition and if having an imbalance of nutrition which would indicate a high risk in this category. Friction and Shear: this measures the amount of assistance a person needs to move and the degree of sliding on beds or chairs that they might experience. This looks at the sliding motion that can cause shear which is the skin and bone moving in opposite directions causing breakdown of cell membranes. Most of the categories have a rate of 1-4 except friction and shear which is a rate of 1-3. Mr. Campbell’s Braden score is a 17 which means he is at a low risk for developing a pressure ulcer. Getting a Braden score can tell us if that a patients food intake is very poor to excellent. 11. Identify any signs (including laboratory values) or symptoms from the physician’s history and physical and from the nursing assessment that are consistent with dehydration. Mr. Campbell is very weak. His skin turgor test showed that it is tenting. He is only meeting 360 ml of 2000-2500 mL of his fluid requirements. His skin condition is ecchymosis, dryness and tears. This all relates to being dehydrated. It shows his sodium levels are high which leads to an increase of fluid loss. He does have high blood urea nitrogen levels which forms when protein break down and higher levels can indicate dehydration. 12. Determine Mr. Campbell’s energy and protein requirements. For the critically ill, mechanically ventilated patient, you might consider the Penn State equation (Steps of calculation using Penn State Equation). However, Mr. Campbell is not mechanically ventilated. This is an important factor to consider. Explain the rationale for the method you use to calculate these requirements. The usual recommendation for protein is 1.0 to 1.5 g protein/kg/day but for a person who is very ill it should be estimated at 2 grams protein per kg a day with ideal body weight and energy needs. With Mr. Campbell being malnourished I would calculate protein requirement with 1.5 and 2.0. 1.5grams x 70.9 kg (his body weight)= 106.4 grams 2.0grams x 70.9kg= 141.8 grams So his protein intake should range from 106.4 to 141.8 based on how his body responds to the intake level. 13. Determine Mr. Campbell’s fluid requirements. Compare this with the information on the intake/output report. He should be receiving around 2000 mL at least of fluids. He is orally in taking 360mL with an IV that gives him 2,160mL and his output is 1,444 with his net I/O being a +1,076. 14. From the nutrition history, assess Mr. Campbell’s usual dietary intake. a) Use the USDA Super Tracker to estimate intake. I searched USDA Super Tracker and every link told me that it was discontinued. b) How does his estimated intake compare to the requirements that you calculated for him? Egg 70calories 6gprotein Coffee 5 calories Toast  ½ slice 52 calories 2.5g protein Ensure complete 220 calories 9g protein Soup  ½ cup 59 calories .9protein Milk  ½ cup 62 calories 4g protein Ground turkey 3oz 94 calories 15g protein Potatoes mashed 59 calories 1g protein Total calories: 621 calories with total 38grams of protein He is nowhere close to meeting requirements for either. He is very low on calories he should be having a day. And very low on protein as well. c) Can your evaluation of his dietary intake contribute to the evidence for diagnosing malnutrition? It can be seen that Mr. Campbell’s intake is very little and not receiving much nourishment from what he is eating. Evaluating his intake can help diagnose malnutrition along with all the other assessments that are done to determine malnourishment. 15. Identify the pertinent nutrition problems and the corresponding nutrition diagnoses and write at least two PES statements with one focused on the clinical domain. Malnutrition related to tongue squamous cell carcinoma as evidenced by unintended weight loss of 29.1% of usual body weight in the past 2 years, reduced energy intake with lack of appetite and decreased muscle tone of patient. Insufficient energy intake related to patient’s inability to ingest adequate energy as evidenced by patient’s declined appetite and failure to consume required needs from diet. 16. Determine the appropriate intervention for each nutrition diagnosis. Being seen that Mr. Campbell cannot meet his nutritional needs orally an enteral nutrition route needs to be started within 48 hours following his admission. The objective will be to accomplish and maintain a healthy body mass and body fat. Enteral nutrition will help promote a heathy weight gain and give him nourishment. His input and output will be monitored along with his GI tolerance to make sure it is all functioning well. His calories, protein, carbohydrates and fats will be upped to a level that will give him his energy needs. He will consume in small quantities and be on a mechanical soft diet so it is easier to intake orally. It will be recommended to intake lots of fluids and consume a nutritious beverage supplement. 17. Identify the steps you would take to monitor Mr. Campbell’s nutritional status while he is hospitalized. I would monitor his weight, albumin levels, oral intake, enteral caloric intake and when oral intake is increased. Main focus would be looking for a healthy weight gain and that he is receiving nutritional needs to put on that weight and reestablish his muscle.

Qualities of a Leader in Beowulf and Sir Gawain the Green...

A leader in any tale is an exceptional figure, whether good or evil, they also display tremendous strength above all others be it physical, emotional or mental. Their qualities instill in them a reverence that all of their subjects come to realize and respect. The role of leader is usually first assigned to a different character and upon completion of his journey the main character usually becomes the leader or a figure who has the potential to lead others, the leader is usually a well-known, revered, however they are alone, both figuratively and physically. Beowulf written by an unnamed poet has multiple characters that the reader can identify as leaders, one whom is within the first five lines of the text. Shielf Sheafson, is described†¦show more content†¦Beowulf begins with a history of the Kings of the Spear-Danes, beginning with Shield Sheafson. Shield Sheafson, arrived by sea alone, â€Å"likely that as a child all Shield brought with him only a sheaf† (pg.41 footnote2)1. Sheafson, described as the â€Å"scourge of many tribes, a wrecker of mead benches†¦terror of hall-troops† (l.4-6)1. As his legend grew so did his influence and kingdom, by the time he died every clan that touched an outlying coast had to pay tribute to him. He was â€Å"one good king† (l. 11)1, he had a sea burial; buried alone, set adrift on the sea. He controlled all aspects he was powerful, revered by all and alone in the end. Beowulf the central character, by the completion of the tale also imbues the qualities of a leader. He is already revered Beowulf begins the journey as a well-known prince there are already tales of his exploits throughout the world such as his swimming match with Breca as the story grows as does Beowulf’s reputation and age. Beowulf’s seemingly omnipotent powers are questioned thrice in his lifetime, once during his match with Grendel; Beowulf tears his arm off in a bare-armed match. Also, during his match with Grendel’s mother under the water in the swamp a few miles from Heorot and fifty winters after his with Grendel when Beowulf fights the dragon. He sacrifices his life in order to protect his country from the mistake of an unknown thief. Beowulf is alone in each battle and legend, during his final battle the onlyShow MoreRelatedEssay about A Comparison of Beowulf and Sir Gawain794 Words   |  4 Pagesof Beowulf and Sir Gawain A hero is someone who is idealized for his courage and noble qualities. Beowulf and Sir Gawain can certainly be called heroes. They both have many qualities that are expected of heroic knights and warriors. They are both brave, gallant, and skilled men, but are they the perfect heroes their people believe them to be? While they are portrayed as perfect heroes and they possess many heroic qualities, Beowulf and Sir Gawain are far from perfect. 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